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Understanding Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when the muscles and tissues supporting the pelvic organs (bladder, uterus, rectum, or intestines) become weakened or stretched. This can cause one or more of these organs to descend into or out of the vaginal canal. POP affects women of all ages but is most common after childbirth, menopause, or pelvic surgery.


Types of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Each type of prolapse is named according to the organ affected:

  1. Cystocele (Anterior Prolapse)
    • The bladder drops into the front wall of the vagina.
  2. Rectocele (Posterior Prolapse)
    • The rectum bulges into the back wall of the vagina.
  3. Uterine Prolapse
    • The uterus descends into the vaginal canal.
  4. Enterocele
    • The small intestine pushes against the vaginal wall, often occurring after a hysterectomy.
  5. Vaginal Vault Prolapse
    • The top of the vaginal canal drops, typically after a hysterectomy.


Symptoms of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Symptoms can vary depending on severity and the organs involved but may include:

  • A feeling of pressure or fullness in the pelvic area.
  • A visible bulge or protrusion from the vaginal opening.
  • Pelvic pain or discomfort.
  • Lower back pain.
  • Urinary issues, such as incontinence, urgency, or incomplete bladder emptying.
  • Bowel problems, including constipation or difficulty with bowel movements.
  • Pain during sexual intercourse.

Prolapse and Pregnancy

Pelvic organ prolapse after pregnancy can result from several factors:

  1. Weakened Pelvic Floor Muscles
    • Pregnancy and childbirth can stretch and weaken these muscles, reducing organ support.
  2. Hormonal Changes
    • Pregnancy and postpartum hormonal shifts affect the tone and strength of the pelvic floor.
  3. Childbirth Trauma
    • Prolonged labor or the use of instruments like forceps can damage supportive tissues.
  4. Increased Abdominal Pressure
    • Carrying multiples, excessive pregnancy weight gain, chronic constipation, or heavy lifting postpartum can strain the pelvic floor.
  5. Genetic Predisposition
    • Genetic factors may predispose some individuals to weaker connective tissues, increasing susceptibility to prolapse.

How Pelvic Floor Therapy Can Help

Pelvic floor therapy is a non-invasive approach to managing pelvic organ prolapse:

  1. Muscle Strengthening
    • Exercises target the pelvic floor muscles to improve organ support and reduce prolapse symptoms.
  2. Education
    • Patients learn techniques for effective pelvic floor muscle activation and relaxation.
  3. Behavioral Changes
    • Guidance on lifestyle adjustments, such as proper lifting techniques, constipation management, and weight maintenance, reduces strain on the pelvic floor.
  4. Manual Therapy
    • Techniques like myofascial release improve pelvic floor mobility and function.
  5. Biofeedback
    • Real-time feedback helps patients strengthen and coordinate pelvic floor muscles effectively.

Personalized Care for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Pelvic floor therapy addresses the unique needs of individuals experiencing pelvic organ prolapse, focusing on strengthening, support, and lifestyle adjustments for better pelvic health.


Experiencing pelvic organ prolapse after childbirth?

Reach out to Pelvic Health Center in Madison, NJ to schedule an evaluation and treatment!
Call us at 908-443-9880 or email us at receptionmadison@pelvichealthnj.com.

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