Click Here to Download: Painful Intercourse Program
Pain during intercourse—also known as dyspareunia—is a common but often under-discussed concern affecting many women at different stages of life. It can range from mild discomfort to intense pain and may occur before, during, or after penetration. This experience is not only physical but can also be deeply emotional, often impacting confidence, intimacy, and overall well-being.
Dyspareunia can also be associated with pain during other types of insertional events including gynecological examinations (i.e. use of a speculum), use of a tampon, and non-penetration sexual activity.
Common Causes of Painful Intercourse
Dyspareunia can be caused by one or a combination of factors, including:
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Pelvic Floor Muscle Tension or Overactivity: Tight or hypertonic muscles can cause pain with penetration or deep thrusting.
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Vaginal Dryness or Hormonal Changes: Especially during postpartum, breastfeeding, or menopause, decreased estrogen can reduce lubrication and elasticity.
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Scar Tissue or Injury: From childbirth, surgery, or past trauma (including episiotomy or tearing).
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Infections or Medical Conditions: Such as yeast infections, urinary tract infections, endometriosis, or interstitial cystitis.
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Neurological Sensitivities: Including pudendal neuralgia or central sensitization.
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Psychological or Emotional Factors: Anxiety, fear, or past sexual trauma can lead to muscle guarding or involuntary tension.
Which Professionals Can Help
A collaborative, multidisciplinary approach often yields the best outcomes. Consider consulting with:
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Pelvic Floor Physical Therapists – Experts in muscle-related causes of pelvic pain, who use hands-on techniques, biofeedback, and movement retraining.
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Gynecologists or Urogynecologists – For medical evaluation, hormone assessment, or ruling out infections and anatomical causes.
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Sex Therapists or Psychologists – For support with anxiety, trauma, or relationship dynamics contributing to discomfort.
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Pain Specialists or Neurologists – If nerve involvement or central pain processing is suspected.
